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class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/28ec23/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/62bf40/" class="nav-link">ARM 处理器</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/1a9374/" class="nav-link">嵌入式基础知识-存储器</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/aac5e3/" class="nav-link">闪存存储和制造技术概述</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/8f6056/" class="nav-link">芯片IO驱动力</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d146b8/" class="nav-link">主流先进封装技术介绍</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/16f0ba/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash基础</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/90d8d0/" class="nav-link">基于PA算法的FTL引导</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/eb672b/" class="nav-link">SD逻辑擦除和物理擦除</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/747121/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash的SDR、ONFI、DDR接口</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/1eb351/" class="nav-link">【详解】Nand Flash必看知识</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d2512a/" class="nav-link">【两万字详解】Nand Flash必看知识</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="面经" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">面经</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d69946/" class="nav-link">虎牙C++技术面经</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/29251d/" class="nav-link">金山一面复习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/c7c01f/" class="nav-link">完美世界秋招 C++ 游戏开发面经(Cpp部分)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="其它" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">其它</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/fa256e/" class="nav-link">博客搭建</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/335531/" class="nav-link">网站收藏箱</a></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <div class="sidebar-hover-trigger"></div> <aside class="sidebar" style="display:none;"><!----> <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/" class="nav-link">首页</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="CPP语言" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">CPP语言</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/c5bdd8/" class="nav-link">Cpp之旅</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/279e62/" class="nav-link">Cpp专栏</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/801755/" class="nav-link">Effective_CPP</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/6b2468/" class="nav-link">muduo网络库</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/5f8c9f/" class="nav-link">Unix环境高级编程</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/3f1d21/" class="nav-link">Cpp提高编程</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="计算机基础" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">计算机基础</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/7b1cb2/" class="nav-link">计算机网络</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/6048a8/" class="nav-link">操作系统</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/3b34ba/" class="nav-link">数据结构</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/412fe7/" class="nav-link">Linux</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a 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class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/4c6bf3/" class="nav-link">深入浅出SSD</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d3f36a/" class="nav-link">文件系统</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/e0cca7/" class="nav-link">汇编语言</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/fab2d7/" class="nav-link">STM32</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="开发日常" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">开发日常</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/e472d1/" class="nav-link">随笔（持续更新）</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/71f6ae/" class="nav-link">Git知识总结</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/db6fb8/" class="nav-link">Git备忘清单</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/e1081f/" class="nav-link">Git 创建删除远程分支</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/777b8a/" class="nav-link">nvm使用小结</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/ee770e/" class="nav-link">虚拟机固定 IP 地址</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/1ab9a6/" class="nav-link">Shell 脚本学习笔记</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/411aa4/" class="nav-link">VScode 插件 CodeGeeX 使用教程</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/0d525d/" class="nav-link">KylinV10 将项目上传至 Github教程</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/907786/" class="nav-link">KylinV10 安装 MySQL 教程（可防踩雷）</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/a2d21e/" class="nav-link">kylinV10-SP1 安装 QT</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/b561cf/" class="nav-link">高并发内存池</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/6ab6d1/" class="nav-link">USBGUARD 项目编译环境配置</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/883f02/" class="nav-link">Power_Destory 项目</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/479472/" class="nav-link">U 盘清除工具编译教程</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/9c4241/" class="nav-link">个人博客代码推送教程</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/3ad765/" class="nav-link">SVN Trunk Branches的Merge操作</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/0c0ca8/" class="nav-link">如何高效阅读嵌入式项目代码</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="前端学习" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">前端学习</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/99897f/" class="nav-link">HTML与CSS</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/51542d/" class="nav-link">JS学习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/803f9d/" class="nav-link">Vue3入门</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/ca4cfb/" class="nav-link">Vue3进阶</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/50e8d3/" class="nav-link">黑马Vue3</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="MFC" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">MFC</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/a4b108/" class="nav-link">MFC编程随记</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/41acbd/" class="nav-link">MFC实现ini配置文件的读取</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/951a7a/" class="nav-link">MFC实现点击列表头排序</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/a8598f/" class="nav-link">贴图法美化Button按钮</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/054516/" class="nav-link">MFC使用细节</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="闪存" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">闪存</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/b925b8/" class="nav-link">如何高效阅读嵌入式项目代码</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/28ec23/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/62bf40/" class="nav-link">ARM 处理器</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/1a9374/" class="nav-link">嵌入式基础知识-存储器</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/aac5e3/" class="nav-link">闪存存储和制造技术概述</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/8f6056/" class="nav-link">芯片IO驱动力</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d146b8/" class="nav-link">主流先进封装技术介绍</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/16f0ba/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash基础</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/90d8d0/" class="nav-link">基于PA算法的FTL引导</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/eb672b/" class="nav-link">SD逻辑擦除和物理擦除</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/747121/" class="nav-link">NAND Flash的SDR、ONFI、DDR接口</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/1eb351/" class="nav-link">【详解】Nand Flash必看知识</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d2512a/" class="nav-link">【两万字详解】Nand Flash必看知识</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="面经" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">面经</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/d69946/" class="nav-link">虎牙C++技术面经</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/29251d/" class="nav-link">金山一面复习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/c7c01f/" class="nav-link">完美世界秋招 C++ 游戏开发面经(Cpp部分)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="其它" class="dropdown-title"><!----> <span class="title" style="display:;">其它</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/fa256e/" class="nav-link">博客搭建</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/pages/335531/" class="nav-link">网站收藏箱</a></li></ul></div></div> <!----></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Cpp之旅</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Cpp专栏</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Effetcive_CPP</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>muduo网络库</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Unix环境高级编程</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Cpp提高编程</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/pages/3f1d21/" class="sidebar-link">函数模板</a></li><li><a href="/pages/db4e3c/" class="sidebar-link">类模板</a></li><li><a href="/pages/a7c324/" class="sidebar-link">初识STL</a></li><li><a href="/pages/4906d0/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">string 容器</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4、string-容器" class="sidebar-link">4、string 容器</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-1-string-构造函数" class="sidebar-link">4.1 string 构造函数</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-2-string-赋值操作" class="sidebar-link">4.2 string 赋值操作</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-3-string-字符串拼接" class="sidebar-link">4.3 string 字符串拼接</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-4-string-查找和替换" class="sidebar-link">4.4 string 查找和替换</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-5-string字符串比较" class="sidebar-link">4.5 string字符串比较</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-6-string-字符存取" class="sidebar-link">4.6 string 字符存取</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-7-string-插入和删除" class="sidebar-link">4.7 string 插入和删除</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/pages/4906d0/#_4-8-string-字串" class="sidebar-link">4.8 string 字串</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/pages/6454c9/" class="sidebar-link">vector 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/b3b75f/" class="sidebar-link">deque 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/ae0c61/" class="sidebar-link">stack 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/bce95e/" class="sidebar-link">queue 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/1263f8/" class="sidebar-link">list 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/dbe892/" class="sidebar-link">set 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/c6c0bf/" class="sidebar-link">map 容器</a></li><li><a href="/pages/6a4fc5/" class="sidebar-link">STL 函数对象</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><span data-v-06225672>CPP语言</span></li><li data-v-06225672><span data-v-06225672>Cpp提高编程</span></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>霜晨月</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06225672><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06225672>2023-12-15</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="">string 容器<!----></h1> <!----> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h2 id="_4、string-容器"><a href="#_4、string-容器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4、string 容器</h2> <p><strong>本质：</strong></p> <ul><li>string 是 C++ 风格的字符串，而 string 本质上是一个类</li></ul> <p><em><em>string 和 char</em> 的区别：</em>*</p> <ul><li><p>char* 是一个指针</p></li> <li><p>string 是一个类，类内部封装了<code>char*</code>，管理这个字符串，是一个<code>char*</code>类型的容器</p></li></ul> <p><strong>特点：</strong></p> <ul><li>string 类内部封装了很多成员方法</li> <li>例如：查找 find、拷贝 copy、删除 delete、替换 replace、插入 insert</li> <li>string 管理 char* 所分配的内存，不用担心复制越界和取值越界等，由类内部进行负责</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-1-string-构造函数"><a href="#_4-1-string-构造函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.1 string 构造函数</h3> <p>构造函数原型：</p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token function">string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>					<span class="token comment">//创建一个空的字符串 例如：string str;</span>
<span class="token function">string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>		<span class="token comment">//使用字符串 s 初始化</span>
<span class="token function">string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//使用一个 string 对象初始化另一个 string 对象</span>
<span class="token function">string</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>		<span class="token comment">//使用 n 个字符 c 初始化</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string s1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>						<span class="token comment">// 创建空字符串，调用无参构造函数</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s1 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> s1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello world!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	string <span class="token function">s2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>					<span class="token comment">// 把 c_string 转换成了 string</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s2 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> s2 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string <span class="token function">s3</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s3 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> s3 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string <span class="token function">s4</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s4 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> s4 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_4-2-string-赋值操作"><a href="#_4-2-string-赋值操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.2 string 赋值操作</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>给 string 字符串进行赋值</li></ul> <p><strong>赋值的函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">// char* 类型字符串赋值给当前的字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 赋给当前的字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>			<span class="token comment">// 字符赋值给当前的字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>		<span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 赋给当前的字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>s<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 的前 n 个字符赋给当前的字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 赋给当前字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 		<span class="token comment">// 用 n 个字符 c 赋给当前字符串</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello world!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str1 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str2 <span class="token operator">=</span> str1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str2 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str2 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str3<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str3 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str3 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str4<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str4<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello C++&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str4 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str4 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str5<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str5<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;hello C++&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str5 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str5 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str6<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str6<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str5<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str6 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str6 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str7<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str7<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token char">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str7 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str7 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br></div></div><p><strong>总结：</strong></p> <ul><li>string 的赋值方式很多，operator= 这种方式是比较实用的</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-3-string-字符串拼接"><a href="#_4-3-string-字符串拼接" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.3 string 字符串拼接</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>实现在字符串末尾拼接字符串</li></ul> <p><strong>函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 重载 += 操作符</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 		<span class="token comment">// 重载 += 操作符</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token operator">+=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 重载 += 操作符</span>

string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 			<span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 连接到当前字符串结尾</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 把字符串 s 的前 n 个字符连接到当前字符串结尾</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 		<span class="token comment">// 同 operator+=(const string&amp; str)</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 字符串 s 中从 pos 开始的 n 个字符连接到字符串结尾</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;我&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str1 <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;爱学习&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str1 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	str1 <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token char">':'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str1 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;C++ Java&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str1 <span class="token operator">+=</span> str2<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str1 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str1 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string str3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;I&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot; love &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;C++ Java &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str3<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>			<span class="token comment">// 从下标 3 位置开始 ，截取 6 个字符，拼接到字符串末尾，空格也算</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;str3 = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str3 <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h3 id="_4-4-string-查找和替换"><a href="#_4-4-string-查找和替换" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.4 string 查找和替换</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>查找：查找指定字符串是否存在</li> <li>替换：在指定的位置替换字符串</li></ul> <p><strong>函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token comment">// 查找 str 第一次出现位置,从 pos 开始查找</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 查找 s 第一次出现位置,从 pos 开始查找</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 从 pos 位置查找 s 的前 n 个字符第一次位置</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// 查找字符 c 第一次出现位置</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 查找 str 最后一次位置,从 pos 开始查找</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">rfind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> npos<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 查找 s 最后一次出现位置,从 pos 开始查找</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">rfind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> npos<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 从 pos 查找 s 的前 n 个字符最后一次位置</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">rfind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 查找字符 c 最后一次出现位置</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">rfind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 替换从 pos 开始 n 个字符为字符串 str</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

<span class="token comment">// 替换从 pos 开始的 n 个字符为字符串 s</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><p><strong>总结：</strong></p> <ul><li>find 查找是从左往右，rfind 从右往左</li> <li>find 找到字符串后返回查找的第一个字符位置，找不到位置-1</li> <li>replace 在替换时，要指定从哪个位置起，多少个字符，替换成什么样的字符串</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-5-string字符串比较"><a href="#_4-5-string字符串比较" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.5 string字符串比较</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>字符串之间的比较</li></ul> <p><strong>比较方式：</strong></p> <ul><li>字符串比较是按字符的ASCII码进行对比</li> <li>=返回 0</li> <li><code>&gt;</code>返回 1</li> <li>&lt;返回 -1</li></ul> <p><strong>函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> string <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//与字符串 s 比较</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>s<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//与字符串 s 比较</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	string str2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token keyword">int</span> ret <span class="token operator">=</span> str1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">compare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ret <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s1 等于 s2&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ret <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s1 大于 s2&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;s1 小于 s2&quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br></div></div><p><strong>总结：</strong></p> <ul><li>字符串对比主要是用于比较两个字符串是否相等，判断谁大谁小的意义并不是很大</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-6-string-字符存取"><a href="#_4-6-string-字符存取" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.6 string 字符存取</h3> <p>string中单个字符存取方式有两种：</p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token keyword">operator</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//通过 [] 方式取字符</span>
<span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>		<span class="token comment">//通过 at 方法获取字符</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello world&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">++</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">++</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token operator">++</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	<span class="token comment">// 字符修改</span>
	str<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'x'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token char">'x'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><p><strong>总结：</strong></p> <ul><li>string 字符串中单个字符存取有两种方式，利用  [ ]  或  at</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-7-string-插入和删除"><a href="#_4-7-string-插入和删除" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.7 string 插入和删除</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>对 string 字符串进行插入和删除字符操作</li></ul> <p><strong>函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span><span class="token operator">*</span> s<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 插入字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> str<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 插入字符串</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">char</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 	<span class="token comment">// 在指定位置插入 n 个字符 c</span>
string<span class="token operator">&amp;</span> <span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n <span class="token operator">=</span> npos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 		<span class="token comment">// 删除从 Pos 开始的 n 个字符</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;111&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>	<span class="token comment">//从 1 号位置开始 3 个字符</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> str <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p><strong>总结：</strong></p> <ul><li>插入和删除的起始下标都是从0开始</li></ul> <h3 id="_4-8-string-字串"><a href="#_4-8-string-字串" class="header-anchor">#</a> 4.8 string 字串</h3> <p><strong>功能描述：</strong></p> <ul><li>从字符串中获取想要的子串</li></ul> <p><strong>函数原型：</strong></p> <div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code>string <span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> n <span class="token operator">=</span> npos<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 返回由 pos 开始的 n 个字符组成的字符串</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><div class="language-CPP line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-cpp"><code><span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token macro property"><span class="token directive-hash">#</span><span class="token directive keyword">include</span> <span class="token string">&lt;string&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> <span class="token keyword">namespace</span> std<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// 子串</span>
<span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	string str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;abcdefg&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	string substr <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;substr = &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> substr <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

	string email <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hello@sina.com&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> email<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;@&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	string username <span class="token operator">=</span> email<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	cout <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">&quot;username: &quot;</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> username <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	<span class="token function">test01</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;pause&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2024/6/3 14:54:44</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/pages/a7c324/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">初识STL</div></a> <a href="/pages/6454c9/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">vector 容器</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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